GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide composed of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with a divalent copper ion (Cu²⁺). It is found endogenously in human plasma, saliva, and urine, and is known for its diverse regenerative and modulatory biological activities.

Mechanistically, GHK-Cu functions as a signaling molecule that influences gene expression, promoting tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and cellular repair. It exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, enhances fibroblast proliferation, and supports wound healing through activation of integrin-mediated pathways and upregulation of extracellular matrix components.

In experimental and clinical contexts, GHK-Cu has demonstrated potential applications in skin regeneration, hair follicle stimulation, anti-aging therapies, and tissue repair. Its biological effects are attributed to its ability to modulate metalloproteinase activity, normalize gene expression patterns, and facilitate copper delivery to enzymatic systems involved in oxidative metabolism.